Ratio of female to male labour force participation rate (%)
(modelled ILO estimate)

The gender disparity in labour force participation has remained relatively stable in Mediterranean countries over the years.
In 2021, Israel led the way with the highest female-to-male ratio at 89%. France, Slovenia, Spain, and Cyprus followed closely, with rates ranging from 82% to 87%.
On the other end of the spectrum, Egypt, Syria and the Palestinian Territories had the lowest rates, ranging from 22% to 25%.

Note: Analysis produced by Alma Economics, based on the most recent available World Bank data. Some indicators reflect pre-pandemic trends.
Data gaps identified highlight the need to systematically collect quality data to inform decision-making.